The earth is round, and the distribution of sunlight hitting the earth is uneven. Where the sun shines directly, it receives relatively more heat from the sun, and the temperature is naturally relatively high. For example, the areas on both sides of the earth's equator are It is hotter, and the temperature in the area away from the direct sun is relatively lower, especially in the polar regions of the earth. The sun cannot be seen in winter in the South and North Pole regions, because the sun is always below the horizon. When summer comes, although the sun has already appeared on the horizon, the rising height of the sun will not exceed 23.5°. In such a situation Under the circumstances, there is actually only "one day and one night" in one year in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Due to receiving very little sunlight, the temperature in the Arctic and Antarctic regions is very low all year round and sparsely populated. It is one of the most sparsely populated regions in the world.

The Arctic and Antarctic regions are relatively far away from our human living areas. In addition, the environment in these regions is extremely harsh. It stands to reason that in the absence of direct human damage and influence, the Arctic and Antarctic regions should not be affected by too many human beings. change. But the actual situation is not the case. Even though we humans have not directly reached the North and South Poles for development, the North and South Poles have been deeply affected over the years. Some scientists even say that a "new North Pole" is forming. The reason is related to We humans have great relationships.

Of course, the so-called "New Arctic" does not mean that the Arctic region has shifted to other regions, but that the once icy Arctic region has undergone tremendous changes, such as the shrinking sea ice area of ​​the Arctic Ocean, rising temperatures in the Arctic region, and rainfall patterns. There have also been changes. Driven by climate warming, there is at least one signal that the "New Arctic" has indeed emerged. As climate warming continues, changes in the Arctic region will continue, which will eventually affect the ecosystems in the Arctic Ocean and even other sea areas. , which in turn affects us humans.

Mysterious giant hole keeps appearing in the Arctic Circle

Although both the North and South Poles are in the polar regions, there are also many differences between the South and the North Pole. For example, under the action of ocean currents, the sea ice on the surface of the Arctic Ocean has been drifting, breaking and melting, and cannot accumulate to a thickness of thousands of years. There are ice sheets several meters thick in Antarctica. Moreover, there is a large area of ​​permafrost in the Arctic region. As the climate warms, the permafrost in the Arctic will continue to appear. For example, some prehistoric biological remains buried under the permafrost will be exposed. When scientists conducted research in the Arctic Circle, they also discovered some mysterious giant holes in the Siberian Plain within the Arctic Circle.

A few years ago, when researchers flew by helicopter over the Yamal Peninsula in the northwest of the Siberian Plain, they discovered such a mysterious giant hole for the first time. The first discovered mysterious giant hole was named GEC-1, and its The depth reaches 52 meters and the diameter is about 20 meters. After analyzing satellite images, researchers confirmed that the mysterious giant hole was formed in October 2013. In fact, there are many such giant holes within the Arctic Circle. Scientists have discovered as many as 17 mysterious giant holes on the Yamal Peninsula and the neighboring Jidan Peninsula alone.

There are permafrost layers all over here. How did these giant holes form? Researchers believe that there are heterosexual gases such as methane and carbon dioxide under these permafrost layers. As these gases continue to increase, these permafrost layers will be pushed up. When these permafrost layers expand to a certain extent, There will be an explosion, and the cycle from gas accumulation to explosion to form giant holes is only 3-5 years, so the formation of these giant holes can be said to be relatively fast. Regarding the source of these gases, the researchers believe that there may be a large number of microorganisms under these permafrost layers. These microorganisms will decompose the organic matter under the permafrost layer and release gases such as methane. As these microorganisms continue to release methane gas, they will eventually die. It will cause the permafrost to expand to the point where it explodes to form a giant hole. Another point of view is that there are gases such as methane under the permafrost layer itself. As the earth's climate continues to warm and the water ice material under the permafrost layer melts, these gases will be released. When a large amount of gas such as methane is released from the permafrost, it will continue to push the permafrost upwards, and eventually explode to form a giant hole.

With the appearance of these giant holes, it means that the greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide buried under the permafrost layer will be released on a large scale. This is not good news for human beings, because these Emissions of greenhouse gases will exacerbate the warming trend of the earth's climate, which may in turn accelerate the melting of the permafrost in the Arctic, eventually forming more mysterious giant holes. Therefore, scientists are worried about this phenomenon.

Where should mankind go in the future?

Now the earth is facing many problems, and the climate warming we are seeing is just one of them. With the continuation of climate warming, there will be a series of unexpected problems, and these problems will eventually affect us humans. If a disaster really happened on the earth, where should we humans go? In the face of nature, human beings are actually very small and fragile, unable to resist natural disasters. What we can do is to plan ahead and do a good job of defense before these disasters land to minimize the damage. For example, before the earth's temperature gets out of control, we take measures to slow down the trend of climate warming. In this way, the increase in the earth's temperature will not be too obvious, and even under the condition of effective measures, the trend of global warming may still be eliminated. reversed. But this process is long and requires the efforts of the whole world.