The water depth exceeds 700 meters, and the water storage capacity is 600 times that of the Three Gorges. Why does Lake Baikal have so much fresh water?
The earth is not the only planet in the solar system with the structure of the earth , and there are countless terrestrial planets in the universe . But from our current observations of other planets in the solar system , it seems that only Earth has given birth to life . However , it is no accident that the Earth gave birth to life.
The pictures of the satellites we have launched show the blue earth we live on , this is because the earth is covered by water almost 71% of the time , all thanks to the tectonic plates, the rest of the time is the soil under our feet land.
According to our current biological knowledge , we can also understand that primitive life originated from primitive oceans. Due to the microorganisms produced by primitive life , there is enough oxygen on the earth to metabolize plant and animal bodies. Before this, the earth Just a barren land.
The need of water for biological existence is self -evident . Human ancestors knew from ancient times to build residences near water sources, and the utilization of water resources runs through almost the entire human life.
Water storage of Lake Baikal
In the eastern part of southern Siberia ,there is such a pure sky , which is affectionately called "the blue eyes of Siberia". It not only has vast savannah, endless forests and vast deserts; it also has rich and diverse wildlife resources. At the same time, it is by far the deepest freshwater lake in the world, Lake Baikal.
The total area of Lake Baikal is about 31,500 square kilometers, ranking seventh among the top ten lakes in the world, but its water storage is astonishing, because scientists estimate that Lake Baikal 's freshwater reserves account for about one-fifth of the world 's total water storage. The volume is 23.6 trillion cubic meters.
The rich freshwater reserves of Lake Baikal enable it to meet the needs of human life and production , and also provide people with a large number of direct drinking water sources . However , due to a series of problems such as serious local surface water pollution , coupled with the lack of After any processing , it is directly consumed, so it can only be consumed in a simple way or simply boiled.
However, according to the water quality inspections conducted by Chinese researchers in Lake Baikal five times in 10 days, they all confirmed that the water of Lake Baikal is not only drinkable directly, but also pure and rich in trace elements.
Lake Baikal The largest reservoir in the world, Lake Baikal is not the largest freshwater lake, but its depth is amazing. Since 1840, scientists have not stopped investigating this waters. According to the latest measurement data: in the entire Lake Baikal, the deepest point reached 1642 meters, followed by 744 meters;
If you compare the water storage capacity of Lake Baikal with the water storage capacity of freshwater lakes in China, it is almost eight times the national surface freshwater storage capacity, and almost 33 times the water storage capacity of all lakes in the country. The contrast is daunting.
Therefore, here is a question: Why does Lake Baikal have such a large water storage capacity and still maintain good water quality? The answer is simple: because there are a large number of algae and phytoplankton communities in the lake water, they have strong adsorption capacity for various pollutants in the water, and can effectively remove toxic and harmful substances in the water body. Therefore, we must protect the environment! Because in addition to the abundant algae, there are also a large number of phytoplankton in this lake, which have a good purification effect on the water quality, making it a rare "pool of stagnant water" in the world, which is why it can last a long time. One of the reasons for preservation.
Although Lake Baikal is one of the famous lakes in the world, its clear water quality is not accidental, but determined by its unique geographical location, which is also its particularity. Because it is located in Russia, adjacent to China. Therefore, this factor needs to be taken into account when conducting environmental monitoring, so as to ensure more accurate monitoring results. This paper mainly discusses this issue. Lake Baikal is located in East Siberia, there are few traces of human activities around it, and the number of residents around it is small, so human activities have no real impact on the water quality and environment. The geographical location of Lake Baikal is in a high latitude area, which is actually equivalent to closer to cold regions.
Therefore, Lake Baikal is actually frozen once every six months. Even when the temperature is very high in the year, it will not cause a large number of algae plants in the lake, so the water quality will not be affected by algae plants.
However, due to the interference of some external factors, the self-purification capacity of the lake has been greatly reduced. However, if the external environment is polluted to a certain extent, it will easily lead to serious changes in the water body, and then the function of the entire lake will also change accordingly. Therefore, water quality monitoring must be strictly managed. Because generally speaking, a relatively stable ecosystem is stable, and stability includes stability of resistance and resistance. Small-scale pollution will be gradually decomposed by the lake as long as it is within the bearing capacity of the lake, and will not cause serious damage to the entire lake. big impact.
Where does the water in central Baikal come from?
Scientists have explored the source of Lake Baikal, and they have found that the lake water is gushing from deep underground, and no traces can be seen from the water surface. The question then becomes a mystery because it has never been solved. Only recently have scientists found out. According to scientists' geological observations and the origin of paleontology, scientists believe that Lake Baikal was likely formed during the Jurassic period of the Mesozoic Era, when there was a vast ocean to the east of the lake, but with the change of the crust, this area gradually changed. Submerged by land, the waters of today's Lake Baikal may have been seawater at the time, including creatures in the lake that were originally marine life.
Only the remaining Lake Baikal continued to accommodate the increased surface water that gradually filled the volume of Lake Baikal with rain and river water, reducing the salinity of the sea.
But scientists have been looking for evidence of this theory, but have been slow to find it. When looking for deeper geology, they found no Mesozoic sedimentary layers, proving that Lake Baikal did not evolve from the ocean as scientists say come, and its location should be on land for a long time. Lake Baikal is located in the region where Asia meets Russia. This place is called the "Island of Death" because of frequent volcanic activity. Now people have discovered many legends and hypotheses about the formation of Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal is caused by faults in the earth's crust.
There is also a theory about the formation of Lake Baikal, called the "Earth Inflation Theory", which believes that after the formation of the earth, water vapor condenses into water droplets and falls to the ground, forming a vast ocean before land was formed at that time.
Over a long period of history, the earth's crust was ruptured due to changes in the earth, and the gradually uplifted crust began to slowly uplift to form continents. There are many rivers on land that flow into the ocean. Due to the constantly changing climate, the water is often polluted and turbid. When the river water becomes turbid, a large number of aquatic organisms will gather together. Seawater continuously flows out of the earth's crust and brings a large number of marine life into the continent, forming lakes. With the input of fresh water, marine organisms in lakes gradually adapt to the survival and reproduction of fresh water.
The importance of water resources
In ancient times, various countries have different myths to narrate the origin of human beings. Human beings have been exploring the origin of human beings all the time.
When technology was not yet developed, some religions believed that human beings were created by the creator of the world, and Chinese myths and legends believed that Nuwa created man and created the world. Although these myths and stories are only fictions, the magnificence and magic of these myths and stories are also a kind of consolation. , guide us human beings never stop on the road to find our true self.
But with the invention of the Darwinian microscope, Darwin also opened the door to the microscopic world, from the very first to observe the existence of cells. In his view, cells are just small atoms or molecules, and these atoms or molecules are not real substances. They are nothing more than a special form called "life". So, what is a living body? It turns out that all living things in the world are made up of cells, there are organelles in cells that do different things, there are thousands of cells that make up human beings, and there are organs that do their own work, that's why our bodies are very functional delicate.
For cells to function properly, they need to exchange substances in a medium called cytosol, which is mostly composed of water, which is made up of almost all bodily fluids, such as blood and tissue fluids.
The cell is the basic unit of human beings and the basic unit of all multicellular organisms, so although a lot of cells die every day, if all cells are dehydrated, the whole organism cannot function properly.
Although 71% of the Earth's surface is water, not all water is fresh water that is directly drinkable. Because human beings will continue to consume a lot of natural resources in the process of survival and development to meet their needs for domestic water. With the growth of population and the expansion of economic activities, China's per capita utilization of water resources is far below the world average. Water resources in the human body enter from low-concentration areas to high-concentration spaces mainly through diffusion between cells, so we are exposed to a large amount of fresh water every day, and these fresh waters are rich in trace elements.
Seawater contains a lot of salt, so many seafarers choose to drink pure water as a way to replenish water resources. But in many cases we need to add a lot of water to ensure normal work and life. But sometimes the seawater contains too much salt, which can make people feel uncomfortable and even suffer from heat stroke, so we must filter it. This is because the concentration of seawater is very high, if you drink it directly, it will not rehydrate the body at all, but will break down the water in the body and make the body more dehydrated.
water storage needs
So far, nearly 80 countries in the world are in a state of extreme water shortage, and their population accounts for about 40% of the world's population. Due to the lack of water resources, natural disasters such as severe droughts or floods frequently occur in many areas, resulting in huge economic losses and casualties. At the same time, it also caused a series of ecological and environmental problems and social and economic development problems. The world is facing two major problems: fresh water shortage and extreme water shortage.
However, if it is near a natural lake and there are rivers with water quality up to the standard, there is no need to worry about this problem at all. Therefore, many areas that lack water resources will also build their own cisterns to conserve water sources, etc. Generally, cisterns There are two kinds of water sources, one is the water source that flows into the river, and the other is the water source that is accumulated by the collection of rainwater.
Lake Baikal has high economic value for drinking water, but not all surface water has such high drinking value. Therefore, in some areas of China where surface water is scarce, groundwater is used to meet people's water needs, but there is too much groundwater There are also geological effects, which remain a thorny issue.