Hearing affects cognition, how can parents formulate parenting plans according to the baby's hearing development process
Today's parents pay more and more attention to early childhood education, but rather than developing their children's new abilities, it is better to help them consolidate their basic knowledge and skills.
Sensory experiences such as hearing, touch, vision, smell, etc. are the basis for children to develop cognition. Only on the basis of their health can children learn more easily and build a high-rise building of knowledge.
01 So, how does the baby's hearing develop?
In fact, the baby already has hearing in the womb.
The famous American pediatrician Bray Thornton once did such an interesting experiment:
He asked the 7-month-pregnant mother to sit in front of the B-mode ultrasound screen, and when the fetus was awake, he made a "click" sound outside the abdominal wall and observed the fetal response. As a result, the fetus' head turned to the direction of the sound, indicating that he not only heard but also responded.
Even so, the hearing development of the fetus still needs to go through continuous development, and the whole process after birth is also gradual.
0~3 months:
The newborn is not very sensitive to sound. If he hears a sound of 50~60dB(A), he will open his eyes, shake his body, make a fist with both hands, and make a forearm flexion movement; if the sound is too loud, he will even appear startle response.
But by about 3 months, the baby can distinguish sounds from different directions and turn his head towards the source of the sound. Also, they pay more attention to what their familiar caregivers say and respond with smiles.
4~7 months:
Babies can respond to relatively soft sounds of 35~40dB(A) from 60cm away from the ear and are more sustained.
For example, after hearing his mother's voice, he would immediately stop what he was doing and turn his little head toward the source of the sound. More importantly, he could already understand the tone of his mother's words (gentle and friendly or angry).
8~12 months:
At this time, the child's hearing has improved significantly, not only the ability to locate sounds, but also the lighter and meaningful sounds will show great interest.
If the parents repeatedly make soft but meaningless sounds, the baby will become annoyed and react unpleasantly.
At the same time, he can already understand his own name and understand some simple words, such as no, goodbye.
1~2 years old:
Babies at this stage can already understand the simple instructions of their parents and control their own responses to sounds.
Of course, the basis of all this is that there is no problem with the baby's hearing.
02Parents pay too little attention to their children's hearing
From the start of pregnancy, the various concerns I heard were: How is the child developing? Can I pass the Tang sieve and abnormality examination? Will there be hypoxia during pregnancy? But basically no one pays attention to whether there will be problems with the baby's hearing.
This is because the baby can't speak and only cry, so even if there is a hearing impairment, the mother is not easy to detect.
China is the country with the largest number of hearing-impaired children in the world. According to 2019 data, there are about 27.8 million person-times, of which the number of hearing-impaired children aged 0-6 exceeds 800,000, and the number of new children is 20,000 to 40,000 every year. about.
It can be said that hearing impairment is one of the common birth defects of babies, and most of them are caused by improper nursing of expectant mothers during pregnancy or other complications.
Prenatal inheritance of deafness is basically unavoidable, but it does not mean that if one of the father or mother has deafness, it will definitely be passed on to the baby. If such a situation exists in the family, the prospective parents should go to the hospital for genetic screening in time before pregnancy. Check to calculate the probability.
In addition, various improper operations during pregnancy are also important factors that damage the baby's hearing. For example, many pregnant mothers pay attention to prenatal education and like to put headphones on their stomachs to let the fetus listen.
But in fact, the cochlea of the fetus is very immature at this time. If the earphone is too close to the belly or the sound is too loud, it may cause hearing loss in the child after birth.
Therefore, when doing music prenatal education, in addition to choosing music with a more soothing rhythm and rhythm, you should also keep a good distance, not too close to your belly, at least two centimeters away.
Furthermore, do not go to noisy environments after pregnancy, such as KTV, movie theaters, factories, etc.
If you take ototoxic drugs during pregnancy, or if the baby is born prematurely, is underweight, or uses equipment with insufficient oxygen supply, the hearing center may be damaged.
Finally, parents should also pay attention to various details of the parenting process, such as breastfeeding position or the baby's illness, which may cause otitis media and even affect hearing.
Therefore, doctors and experts will repeatedly emphasize to parents that newborn hearing screening should not be missed!
In fact, the initial screening failure rate of newborn hearing screening is 15% to 20%, and many babies may have normal hearing, but they still need to be re-screened in both ears 30 to 42 days after birth. Routine hearing test.
After all, relying on parents alone, it is difficult to find out that children have hearing impairments in the process of growing up, so don't take chances.
In daily life, you can also conduct self-assessment according to the baby's reaction, and go to the hospital in time if any abnormality is found.
0~3 years old is the golden period of language development. The earlier the treatment, the smaller the difference between children's cognitive and language development and normal children.
03How to formulate a parenting plan according to the baby's hearing development process?
As mentioned earlier, hearing affects cognition. In this process, if parents can provide comprehensive and timely help according to the child's hearing development, it will play a more scientific role.
- Correct prenatal education
If you put your mother's voice on the tape recorder for your baby, he will suck on the pacifier more often. Various studies have also shown that babies are particularly sensitive to their mother's voice and feel more secure when they hear it.
Moreover, if the mother reads stories to the baby in the third trimester, the fetal heart rate will change.
It can be seen that the mother's voice is the best prenatal education for the fetus. Telling stories, talking or saying good morning and good night to the baby every day will make him form a more secure attachment.
Of course, playing music is also fine, but pay attention to distance and melody choice.
- Talk to your baby more and pay attention to pronunciation
Babies around 4 months will react when they hear their name being called by the caregiver. Parents should pay attention to slow down when talking to the baby so that he can hear the pronunciation clearly.
At this time, it is most appropriate to use reduplicated words. Using this method to communicate with your baby can help him establish a sense of language.
Although the baby can't speak yet, the daily interaction is indispensable, which is the conclusion of the 30 million vocabulary gap experiment.
Moreover, the baby's hearing acuity also increases with age. In the presence of background noise, the nurse's voice must be 10 decibels higher than the noise to make the baby hear clearly; after the baby is 1 year old, only need 5 times higher is enough.
- Teach your child to strengthen bonding after 6 months
Psychologists have done such an experiment, let a 6-month-old baby sit in a chair with an electric toy next to it, and play a recording of the letter A or I at this time.
The babies were divided into two groups, one where the electric toy was activated each time the sound of A was played, and the other was the sound of I.
After a few repetitions, the infants developed the perception that they turned their heads to look at the toy when they heard an A or I, because they thought it was time to activate.
Therefore, parents should also pay attention to such connection exercises for their children at ordinary times, so that they know which sound sounds and what will happen next.
For example, buy a small alarm clock for your child, and every time it rings, it means it’s time to sleep or eat.
One point to pay special attention to is that try not to buy toys with sound and light for children, which are too complicated and easily interfere with the development of children's hearing.
All in all, children's hearing problems are relatively hidden, and parents should pay attention to them. Before putting your energy on other early education, make sure that your baby's basic abilities are well developed and healthy. After all, this is the foundation of all knowledge.