To make heart disease recover better and faster, taking medicine alone is not enough

Cardiovascular disease is the disease with the highest incidence rate in today's society. The number of deaths from heart disease in China is much higher than that of cancer patients.

What aspects should heart disease patients start with if they want to recover? The diagnosis and treatment methods applied to heart disease are constantly being studied in depth in order to seek to maximize the survival rate of heart disease patients. However, if the improvement of the survival rate of heart disease patients is only limited to the help of medical means, the effect is not very satisfactory. In this case, cardiac rehabilitation came into being.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a professional prevention and treatment system that integrates biomedicine, sports medicine, nutritional medicine, psychosomatic medicine and behavioral medicine. Through the comprehensive model of five core prescriptions "drug prescription, exercise prescription, nutrition prescription, psychological prescription (including sleep management) and smoking cessation and alcohol restriction prescription" to intervene in risk factors, it provides cardiovascular disease patients with As well as the comprehensive and whole-process management services and care of physiology, psychology and society provided throughout the life process.

drug prescription

Cardiac rehabilitation physicians master and update the core content of guidelines for drug treatment of cardiovascular diseases in a timely manner, master the control goals of cardiovascular risk factors, the selection of vascular protection drugs and treatment targets, and achieve evidence-based drug use. In addition, cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure are regularly assessed and controlled, and patients’ awareness of drugs is assessed to better guide patients’ medication.

exercise prescription

A large number of literatures at home and abroad have confirmed that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation can reduce cardiovascular risk factors (control blood lipids, blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, and quit smoking), improve drug compliance, reduce mortality and hospitalization rates, and improve exercise tolerance and cardiopulmonary function. , Improve psychological conditions and improve quality of life. Regular aerobic exercise can reduce total cholesterol (TC), which is of great significance for stabilizing plaque, prolonging or even preventing the formation of atheromatous plaque.

In traditional Chinese medicine exercise therapy, Tai Chi and Yi Jin Jing have clear evidence of clinical benefit. As one of traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation exercises, Tai Chi has been widely used in the field of cardiovascular rehabilitation in recent years. Studies have confirmed that Tai Chi has a good regulatory effect on blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. Baduanjin relies on the deep and long breathing of Qi penetrating the Dantian, which has a significant effect on slowing down the heart rate, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, enhancing the heart's pumping function, and has obvious benefits in improving the pulmonary circulation function.

psychological prescription

Psychological prescriptions focus on adjusting one's own emotions and improving sleep. Adjusting one's own emotions can be combined with exercise prescriptions. Exercise can help release stress and help improve sleep. If the sleep state is extremely poor, sleep aid drugs can be used appropriately under the guidance of a professional physician. The improvement of sleep is of great significance for cardiac rehabilitation.

smoking cessation alcohol prescription

According to relevant literature, the prevalence of hypertension in smokers and drinkers is significantly higher than that of non-smokers and drinkers. Long-term drinking will increase the excitability of sympathetic nerves, promote vasoconstriction, lose normal elasticity, and cause great damage to the heart. Smoking not only causes contraction of blood vessels, slows blood flow, increases blood pressure, and accelerates heart rate, but also causes arrhythmia, decreases cardiac output, and even causes arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease. stroke. Smoking cessation is an effective prevention and treatment that saves lives. In the face of smoking patients, it is necessary to use a clear and clear attitude to advise patients to quit smoking. Drugs combined with behavioral interventions can increase the success rate of smoking cessation. Based on the impact of withdrawal symptoms on the cardiovascular system, it is recommended that patients with a history of cardiovascular disease and smokers use smoking cessation drugs to assist smoking cessation in order to reduce the damage of neuroendocrine disorders to the cardiovascular system. In addition, non-smoking patients are advised to avoid passive inhalation of second-hand smoke.

nutrition prescription

The nutritional prescription for cardiac rehabilitation has the following principles:

◆On the basis of a balanced diet, control the intake of total energy, try to maintain the ideal weight or make the weight gradually approach the ideal weight.

◆Variety of food, mainly cereals, with a mix of thickness and thickness. Try to ensure 50-75 grams of miscellaneous grains every day.

◆Ensure adequate high-quality protein intake. Eat fish, lean meat, egg whites, and low-fat or skim milk in moderation every day.

◆Control intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Try to reduce the consumption of fatty meat, meat oil, butter, animal offal, and try not to use coconut oil and palm oil. Daily cooking oil consumption is controlled at 20-25 grams.

◆Control the intake of trans fatty acids. Try to eat less foods that are repeatedly fried at high temperatures, pastries containing margarine, biscuits containing shortening, coffee mate, and milk tea.

◆Ensure adequate intake of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Try to ensure that olive oil, canola oil, tea seed oil, and linseed oil occupy a certain proportion of cooking oil, and eat fish twice a week, 150-200 grams each time.

◆Control sodium intake, no more than 2.5 grams per day, which is equivalent to no more than 6 grams of table salt, and pay attention to foods high in sodium such as soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, pickled mustard, and fermented bean curd. ? ? ? ? ? ◆ Ensure adequate intake of dietary fiber. It is advisable to consume 25-30 grams of dietary fiber every day, and try to get it from vegetables, fruits and whole grains.

◆Ensure adequate intake of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, with a focus on dark-colored fruits and vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and legumes.

In addition, if you cannot guarantee a balanced diet due to physical reasons, you can choose medical food as a supplement under the guidance of nutritionists and other professionals.

Editor: Wu Jinjiao

Editor in charge: Fan Liping

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