Better and faster recovery from heart disease, just taking medicine is not enough

Cardiovascular disease is the disease with the highest incidence in today's society, and the number of deaths from heart disease in China is much higher than that of cancer patients.

What should heart patients do if they want to recover? Diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to heart disease are continually being researched in an effort to maximize the survival rate of heart disease patients. However, if the improvement of the survival rate of patients with heart disease is limited to medical help, the effect is not very satisfactory. In this case, cardiac rehabilitation came into being.

Cardiac rehabilitation is a professional prevention and treatment system that integrates biomedicine, sports medicine, nutritional medicine, psychosomatic medicine and behavioral medicine. Through the comprehensive model of five core prescriptions "drug prescription, exercise prescription, nutrition prescription, psychological prescription (including sleep management) and smoking cessation and alcohol restriction prescription", the risk factors are intervened, and the risk factors for patients with cardiovascular disease in the acute phase, recovery phase and maintenance phase are improved. As well as comprehensive and holistic management services and care provided throughout the life course, physical, psychological and social.

drug prescription

Cardiac rehabilitation physicians master and update the core content of the guidelines for cardiovascular disease drug treatment in a timely manner, master the control targets of cardiovascular risk factors, the selection of vascular protection drugs and treatment targets, and achieve evidence-based medication. In addition, cardiovascular risk factors such as body weight, blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure should be regularly assessed and controlled, and the patient's awareness of drugs should be assessed to better guide patients' medication.

exercise prescription

A large number of domestic and foreign literatures have confirmed that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation can reduce cardiovascular risk factors (control blood lipids, blood sugar, blood pressure, weight, and quit smoking), improve drug compliance, reduce mortality, hospitalization rates, and improve exercise tolerance and cardiopulmonary function. , to improve the psychological state and improve the quality of life. Regular aerobic exercise can reduce total cholesterol (TC), which is of great significance for stabilizing plaque, prolonging or even preventing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque.

In TCM exercise therapy, Tai Chi and Yi Jin Jing have clear evidence of clinical benefit. As one of the traditional Chinese medicine rehabilitation exercises, Taijiquan has been widely used in the field of cardiovascular rehabilitation in recent years. Studies have confirmed that Taijiquan has a good regulatory effect on blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. Baduanjin relies on the deep and long breathing of Qi passing through the dantian. It has a significant effect on slowing down the heart rate, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, enhancing the pumping function of the heart, and has obvious benefits in improving the pulmonary circulation function.

psychological prescription

Psychological prescriptions focus on adjusting their emotions and improving sleep. Adjusting your emotions can be combined with exercise prescriptions, which can help release stress and help improve sleep. If the sleep state is extremely poor, sleep aids can be used appropriately under the guidance of professional physicians. The improvement of sleep is of great significance to cardiac rehabilitation.

Smoking cessation and alcohol restriction prescription

Relevant literature reports that the prevalence of hypertension in smokers and drinkers is significantly higher than that in non-smokers and drinkers. Long-term drinking can increase the excitability of sympathetic nerves, promote vasoconstriction, and lose normal elasticity, which is very damaging to the heart. Smoking not only causes contractile contraction of blood vessels, slows blood flow, increases blood pressure, and accelerates heart rhythm, but also causes arrhythmia, reduces cardiac output, and even leads to arteriosclerosis and coronary heart disease, which is easy to occur when blood pressure increases. stroke. Smoking cessation is an effective preventive and therapeutic approach that can save lives. Faced with smoking patients, it is necessary to use a clear and clear attitude to advise patients to quit smoking. Combining medication with behavioral interventions increases the success rate of smoking cessation. Based on the effects of withdrawal symptoms on the cardiovascular system, smoking cessation drugs are recommended for smoking cessation patients with a history of cardiovascular disease to reduce the damage of neuroendocrine disorders to the cardiovascular system. In addition, patients without a history of smoking are advised to avoid passive inhalation of secondhand smoke.

Nutrition prescription

Nutritional prescriptions for cardiac rehabilitation are based on the following principles:

◆On the basis of a balanced diet, control the total energy intake, try to maintain the ideal weight or make the weight gradually move closer to the ideal weight.

◆Diversified food, mainly cereals, with a combination of thickness and thickness. Try to ensure 50 to 75 grams of grains every day.

◆ Ensure adequate intake of high-quality protein. Eat fish, lean meat, egg whites, low-fat or skim milk in moderation each day.

◆Control the intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Minimize the consumption of fatty meat, meat oil, butter, animal offal, and try not to use coconut oil and palm oil. The daily amount of cooking oil is controlled at 20-25 grams.

◆Control the intake of trans fatty acids. Minimize foods that are repeatedly fried at high temperatures, pastries containing margarine, cookies containing shortening, coffee mate, and milk tea.

◆ Ensure adequate intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Try to ensure that olive oil, canola oil, tea seed oil, and linseed oil occupy a certain proportion in the cooking oil, and eat fish twice a week, 150-200 grams each time.

◆Control the intake of sodium, no more than 2.5 grams per day, which is equivalent to no more than 6 grams of salt, and pay attention to foods with high sodium content such as soy sauce, monosodium glutamate, mustard, and fermented bean curd. ? ? ? ? ? ◆Ensure adequate dietary fiber intake. A daily intake of 25-30 grams of dietary fiber is appropriate, and try to get it from vegetables, fruits and whole grains.

◆ Ensure adequate intake of micronutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Eat fresh vegetables and fruits every day, focusing on dark-colored fruits and vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, and legumes.

In addition, if the intake of a balanced diet cannot be guaranteed due to physical reasons, medical foods can be appropriately selected as supplements under the guidance of professionals such as nutritionists.

Editor: Wu Jinjiao

Responsible editor: Fan Liping

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