Tips for novice parents: the time, type and precautions before and after the baby's vaccination
In the life of a lovely baby, nothing is more crucial than preventive immunity. Although families in most cities now know that their babies should be vaccinated on time, there are still many new parents who do not pay enough attention to immunization, and the phenomenon of missed and wrong injections occurs from time to time. Moreover, there are also many parents who have made their own claims to help their babies "omit" some very necessary vaccinations. Customize a "small passport for immunization" for your baby, and remind parents not to forget to vaccinate your baby regularly, so that your baby will have a healthy body since childhood!
- A class of vaccines provided by the state for free
The first type of vaccine is included in the planned immunization according to the national regulations. It is a free vaccine and must be vaccinated after the baby is born. Planned immunization includes two procedures: one is full-course basic immunization, that is, the first vaccination completed within one year of age; the other is subsequent booster immunization, that is, timely vaccination according to the duration of vaccine immunity, the immunity level of the population and the epidemic situation of the disease. to replant.
Birth: BCG, Hepatitis B (basic)
One month: Hepatitis B vaccine (basic)
Two months: polio vaccine (basic)
Three months: polio vaccine, diphtheria vaccine (basic)
Four months: polio vaccine, diphtheria vaccine (basic)
Five months: DTP vaccine (basic)
Six months: hepatitis B vaccine, group A meningococcal vaccine (basic)
Eight months: measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine (basic)
Nine months: Group A ECM vaccine (Basic)
1.5-2 years old: DPT vaccine, measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine (enhanced)
3 years old: Group A ECM vaccine (enhanced)
4 years old: polio vaccine (booster)
6 years old: DPT vaccine (enhanced), Japanese encephalitis vaccine, group A meningococcal vaccine (enhanced)
- Class II vaccines that need to be paid at their own expense
Unplanned vaccines (Class II vaccines) are self-funded vaccines. It can be determined according to the baby's own situation, different situations in different regions and the economic status of the parents. If you choose to inject the second-class vaccine, you should perform selective injection without affecting the first-class vaccine. It should be noted that the live vaccines (measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, polio sugar pill) should be vaccinated at an interval of 4 weeks before the dead vaccines (DPT, hepatitis B, meningococcal meningitis and all second-type vaccines) can be vaccinated.
Group A+C meningococcal meningitis vaccine: 1 injection at the age of 3, one booster injection at the age of 6 and 9.
Acellular DPT vaccine: It can replace whole-cell DPT vaccine, and the vaccination procedure is the same as that of whole-cell DPT vaccine.
MMR vaccine: One injection at 1.5-2 years old, one booster injection 4 years after basic immunization.
Hepatitis A live attenuated vaccine or hepatitis A inactivated vaccine: The vaccination time of hepatitis A live attenuated vaccine is 1 injection at the age of 2, and a booster injection 4 years later. Inactivated vaccines: 1-16 years old, 2 doses, 6 months apart, 1 dose over 16 years old.
Varicella vaccine: 1 dose for 1-12 years old.
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine: one injection at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, one injection at 12 months of age and above.
Influenza vaccine: 2 injections per year for 1-3 years old, with an interval of 1 month. One vaccination per year is enough for those over 3 years old.
Self-funded vaccination recommendations
The first-class vaccines provided by the state for free must be injected, but for the second-class vaccines that need to be paid at their own expense, specific situations need to be analyzed. Generally speaking, it is recommended to vaccinate your baby with the following two types of vaccines at your own expense: one is the chickenpox vaccine. If possible, it is best to inoculate the child before going to kindergarten; the other is the influenza vaccine. .
- Babies with weak constitution can consider vaccination
Influenza vaccine: For babies over 7 months old, who suffer from asthma, congenital heart disease, chronic nephritis, diabetes and other diseases with poor resistance to diseases, once influenza prevails, they are prone to illness and induce exacerbations or exacerbations of old diseases. Parents should consider vaccinating against influenza .
Pneumonia vaccine: Pneumonia is caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. The preventive effect of a certain vaccine alone is limited, and it is not recommended for generally healthy babies. But frail and sickly babies should consider choosing pneumonia vaccine.
- Vaccines that should be vaccinated in high-endemic areas
Haemophilus influenzae type B mixed vaccine (HIB vaccine): More than 20 countries in the world have included HIB vaccine in their routine immunization plans. Babies under the age of 5 are susceptible to infection with Haemophilus influenzae type b. It can not only cause pneumonia in children, but also serious diseases such as meningitis, sepsis, myelitis, otitis media, and pericarditis in children. It is the main pathogenic bacteria that causes serious bacterial infections in babies.
Rotavirus vaccine: Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants aged 3 months to 2 years. Getting the rotavirus vaccine can protect your baby from severe diarrhea.
Rabies vaccine: The mortality rate after the onset is almost 100%. There is no effective treatment for rabies. Anyone who is bitten or scratched by a sick animal or a poisonous animal should be injected with a rabies vaccine immediately. If you are bitten severely, such as wounds on the head and face, multiple parts of the body, deep bites, etc., anti-rabies virus serum should be used in combination.
- Vaccinations for babies who are about to go to kindergarten to consider
Chickenpox vaccine: It should be used if the baby’s resistance is poor; it can be used for babies who are in good health. The reason for not using it is that chickenpox is a benign self-limiting “infectious disease” and is included in the scope of infectious disease management. Even when a baby has chickenpox, complications are rare.
Hepatitis A vaccine: Hepatitis A is also called acute infectious hepatitis, and the hepatitis virus is transmitted through the digestive tract. Wide range of popularity. Anyone who has not suffered from hepatitis A but has close contact with hepatitis A patients over the age of 1, and other susceptible groups should be vaccinated against hepatitis A.
- Precautions before and after baby vaccination
Most parents already know that they need to vaccinate their babies on time, but there are still many new parents who do not pay enough attention to vaccination. What should I pay attention to before and after vaccination?
- Precautions before vaccination
(1) Bring the "Children's Vaccination Certificate". This is proof of identity for your baby's vaccinations. In the future, you will need to check when you apply for childcare and school admission for your baby.
(2) Talk to your doctor. If there are any contraindications and cautions, let the doctor know accurately so as to protect the safety of the baby.
(3) Give Xiaobao a bath. Take a bath for your baby the day before preparing for vaccination. It is best to wear clean and loose clothes on that day, so that the doctor can administer the seeds.
(4) If the baby is unwell, suffering from tuberculosis, acute infectious disease, nephritis, heart disease, eczema, immunodeficiency disease, sensitive skin, etc., the vaccination should be postponed.
- Precautions after vaccination
(1) After inoculation, the needle hole should be pressed with a cotton swab for a few minutes, and the cotton swab can only be removed when there is no bleeding, and the inoculation site should not be rubbed.
(2) Do not go home immediately after the baby is vaccinated, but rest at the vaccination site for about 30 minutes. If the baby has high fever and other adverse reactions, you can consult a doctor in time.
(3) After vaccination, let the baby rest properly, drink plenty of water, and keep warm to prevent triggering other diseases.
(4) Do not bathe your baby on the day of vaccination, but keep the vaccination site clean to prevent local infection.
(5) Do not eat any warm or hot food or drink within half an hour after oral polio vaccine. If induration occurs at the inoculation site after vaccination with DTP vaccine, hot compresses can be applied on the second day after vaccination to help the induration subside.
(6) If the baby has mild fever, loss of appetite, irritability, and crying after vaccination, don't worry, these reactions will usually disappear within a few days. But if the reaction is strong and lasts for a long time, you should take your baby to the hospital immediately.