Notes for new parents: When and types of baby's vaccinations and precautions before and after vaccination
In the life of a lovely baby, nothing is more crucial than preventing immunity. Although most families in cities now know that it is necessary to vaccinate their babies on time, there are still many new parents and new mothers who have not paid enough attention to immunization. Moreover, there are also many parents who advocate on their own to help their babies "omit" some vaccines that are actually very necessary. Customize a "Immunization Passport" for your baby, remind parents not to forget to vaccinate your baby regularly, so that your baby will have a healthy body from childhood!
- A class of vaccines that the state provides free of charge
Class I vaccines are included in the immunization plan stipulated by the state. They are free vaccines and must be vaccinated from the birth of the baby. The planned immunization includes two procedures: one is the basic immunization of the whole course, that is, the initial vaccination completed within one year of age; the second is the subsequent booster immunization, that is, according to the immunity persistence of the vaccine, the immunity level of the population and the epidemic situation of the disease at the right time. replanted.
At birth: BCG, hepatitis B vaccine (basic)
One Month: Hepatitis B Vaccine (Basic)
Two months: polio vaccine (basic)
Three months: polio vaccine, DTP vaccine (basic)
Four months: polio vaccine, DTP vaccine (basic)
Five months: DTP vaccine (basic)
Six months: hepatitis B vaccine, group A meningitis vaccine (basic)
Eight months: measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine (basic)
Nine months: group A meningococcal vaccine (basic)
1.5-2 years old: DTP vaccine, measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine (booster)
3 years old: Group A meningococcal vaccine (enhanced)
4 years old: polio vaccine (booster)
6 years old: DTP vaccine (booster), Japanese encephalitis vaccine, group A meningitis vaccine (booster)
- Type II vaccines that need to be paid at their own expense
Unscheduled vaccines (category II vaccines) are self-funded vaccines. It can be determined according to the baby's own situation, the different conditions of various regions and the economic situation of the parents. If you choose to inject the second type of vaccine, the selective injection should be carried out without affecting the first type of vaccine. It should be noted that those who have been vaccinated with live vaccines (measles vaccine, Japanese encephalitis vaccine, polio sugar pills) must be vaccinated with dead vaccines (DTP, hepatitis B, meningitis and all second-class vaccines) at an interval of 4 weeks.
Group A+C meningococcal vaccine: 1 injection for 3 years old, and one boost for 6 and 9 years old.
Acellular DTP vaccine: It can replace the whole-cell DTP vaccine. The vaccination procedure is the same as that of the whole-cell DTP vaccine.
Measles vaccine: 1 injection for 1.5-2 years old, and 1 injection for 4 years after basic immunization.
Live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine or inactivated hepatitis A vaccine: The vaccination time of live attenuated hepatitis A vaccine is 1 injection at the age of 2, and 1 injection after 4 years. 2 doses of inactivated vaccine for 1-16 years old, 6 months apart, and 1 dose for people over 16 years old.
Chickenpox vaccine: 1 injection for 1-12 years old.
Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine: one injection at 2, 4, and 6 months of age, and one injection at 12 months of age.
Influenza vaccine: 2 injections per year for 1-3 years old, with an interval of 1 month. 3 years of age and older can be vaccinated once a year.
Recommendations for self-funded vaccinations
Class I vaccines that the state provides free of charge must be injected, but for Class II vaccines that require self-pay, specific analysis is required. Generally speaking, it is recommended to vaccinate babies with the following two types of vaccines at their own expense: one is the chickenpox vaccine, if possible, it is best to get it before the child goes to kindergarten; the other is the influenza vaccine, which can be given to the child in the event of a large-scale outbreak of influenza. .
- Vaccines that can be considered for weak children
Influenza vaccine: For babies over 7 months old, with asthma, congenital heart disease, chronic nephritis, diabetes and other poor resistance to diseases, once the flu is popular, it is easy to get sick and induce the onset or aggravation of old diseases, parents should consider getting the flu vaccine .
Pneumonia vaccine: Pneumonia is caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms. The preventive effect of a certain vaccine alone is limited. Generally healthy babies are not recommended to use it. However, for frail and sickly babies, pneumonia vaccines should be considered.
- Vaccines that should be vaccinated in high-endemic areas
Haemophilus influenzae type B mixed vaccine (HIB vaccine): More than 20 countries in the world have included HIB vaccine in routine immunization. Babies under the age of 5 are susceptible to Haemophilus influenzae type B infection. It can not only cause pneumonia in children, but also serious diseases such as meningitis, sepsis, myelitis, otitis media, and pericarditis in children. It is the main pathogen that causes serious bacterial infections in babies.
Rotavirus vaccine: Rotavirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in infants aged 3 months to 2 years. Getting the rotavirus vaccine can prevent your baby from having severe diarrhea.
Rabies vaccine: The mortality rate after the onset is almost 100%, and there is no effective method to treat rabies. Anyone who is bitten or scratched by a sick animal or a venomous animal should be injected with rabies vaccine immediately. In case of severe bites, such as wounds on the head, face, multiple parts of the body, deep bites, etc., anti-rabies virus serum should be used in combination.
- Vaccinations for children who are about to go to kindergarten
Chickenpox vaccine: It should be used if the baby's resistance is poor; it can be used or not used for healthy babies. The reason for not using it is that chickenpox is a benign self-limiting "infectious disease" and is included in the scope of infectious disease management. Even if your baby has chickenpox, complications are rare.
Hepatitis A Vaccine: Hepatitis A, also known as acute infectious hepatitis, is transmitted through the digestive tract. Wide range of popularity. Anyone over the age of 1 who has never suffered from hepatitis A but has close contact with hepatitis A patients, as well as other susceptible groups should be vaccinated against hepatitis A.
- Precautions before and after baby's vaccination
Most parents already know to vaccinate their babies on time, but there are many new parents and new mothers who do not take vaccinations seriously enough. What should be paid attention to before and after vaccination?
- Precautions before vaccination
(1) Bring the "Children's Vaccination Certificate". This is proof of your baby's vaccination status. In the future, you will need to check when you go to nursery and school for your baby.
(2) Talk to your doctor. If there are any contraindications and precautions, let the doctor know accurately so as to protect the safety of the baby.
(3), give Xiaobao a bath. Prepare to bathe the baby the day before vaccination, and it is best to wear clean and loose clothes on the day so that the doctor can apply the seeds.
(4) If the baby is unwell, suffering from tuberculosis, acute infectious diseases, nephritis, heart disease, eczema, immunodeficiency, sensitive skin, etc., the vaccination needs to be postponed.
- Precautions after vaccination
(1) After inoculating the vaccine, hold the needle eye with a cotton swab for a few minutes. Remove the cotton swab when there is no bleeding, and do not rub the inoculation site.
(2) After the baby is vaccinated, do not go home immediately, but rest at the vaccination site for about 30 minutes. If the baby has high fever and other adverse reactions, you can consult a doctor in time.
(3) After vaccination, let the baby rest properly, drink plenty of water, and keep warm to prevent triggering other diseases.
(4) Do not bathe the baby on the day of vaccination, but ensure that the vaccination site is clean to prevent local infection.
(5) Do not eat any warm or hot food or drink within half an hour after oral polio vaccine. If induration occurs at the vaccination site after DTP vaccination, heat compresses can be applied the day after vaccination to help the induration to subside.
(6) If the baby has mild fever, loss of appetite, irritability, and crying after vaccination, don’t worry, these reactions will usually disappear automatically within a few days. But if the reaction is strong and lasts for a long time, you should take your baby to the hospital immediately.