Cardiovascular disease should not be underestimated. Those who can 'escape' all of the five high-risk factors are lucky!

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are very dangerous, and once they occur, they will bring more or less sequelae. The risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure and high blood sugar.

1, the body is too fat

Obesity alters hemodynamics, abnormal left ventricular hypertrophy, arrhythmias, increased risk of thrombosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis. In addition, obesity can also induce a series of symptoms, such as body edema, dyspnea, and angina pectoris, which can damage the cardiovascular system to varying degrees.

2. Hypertension

Hypertension is a high risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and most cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease attacks are inseparable from hypertension. When blood pressure rises, it can cause atherosclerosis, further damage to large arteries, heart vessels and kidneys, thereby inducing coronary heart disease. Blood pressure rises due to the contraction of the smooth muscle of the arterioles. If the arterioles continue to contract, the nutrient absorption of the vascular wall will be hindered, the fibrous tissue will proliferate and the intima will thicken. In addition, in coronary arteries, aorta and cerebral arteries, because of persistent high arterial pressure, plasma lipoprotein permeability can be increased, and cholesterol is easily deposited under the intima at this time, thereby forming atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis leads to a continuous rise in blood pressure, thus entering a vicious circle.

3. Smoking

Cigarettes contain a lot of harmful substances such as nicotine, nicotine and carbon monoxide. In particular, carbon monoxide will combine with hemoglobin to generate carboxyhemoglobin. When such substances are elevated, they can lead to hypoxia in the body, causing hypoxia and edema of the arterial wall, and obstruction of blood flow. In addition, it can also damage the endothelium, resulting in the deposition of a large amount of cholesterol on the blood vessel wall. At the same time, hypoxia also promotes atherosclerosis. In addition, smoking also reduces insulin sensitivity, produces insulin resistance, leads to elevated blood sugar, disorders of fat metabolism, lowers the concentration of good cholesterol, and increases the content of triglycerides in the blood.

4. Hyperlipidemia

If hyperlipidemia is not effectively controlled, atherosclerosis may occur, and a large amount of lipids will be deposited in the blood, causing abnormal blood flow. Over time, it is deposited on the arterial vascular endothelium and adheres to the vascular wall all the time, which will damage the inner wall of the arterial blood vessel and form vascular sclerosis. As long as a blood vessel ruptures and bleeds, it can be life-threatening.

5. Hyperglycemia

Most diabetic patients are accompanied by dyslipidemia, enhanced platelet aggregation and adhesion, and changes in hormone levels in the body, thereby promoting atherosclerosis.

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are preventable and controllable diseases, correct bad living habits in time, do a good job of matching meat and vegetables with thickness, and avoid eating high cholesterol and high fat foods. Check blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar regularly.